{"id":15860,"date":"2026-10-09T14:37:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:07:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/?p=15860"},"modified":"2026-10-09T15:07:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:37:39","slug":"samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/","title":{"rendered":"The Simple Truth About Samudra Manthan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Samudra Manthan, the churning of the cosmic ocean, is one story that quietly shapes many of the festivals we celebrate through the year. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shiva holding the poison in his throat, Lakshmi rising from the waves, Dhanvantari carrying the pot of amrit, the moon finding its place on Shiva&#8217;s head. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each of these moments lives on in a festival, a fast or a puja. In this guide we walk through the story, the festivals rooted in it, &amp; the Rudraksha &amp; pujas that help you carry its blessings into daily life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_69_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Key_takeaways\" title=\"Key takeaways\">Key takeaways<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#The_story_of_Samudra_Manthan\" title=\"The story of Samudra Manthan\">The story of Samudra Manthan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#The_14_ratnas_that_rose_from_the_ocean\" title=\"The 14 ratnas that rose from the ocean\">The 14 ratnas that rose from the ocean<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Samudra_Manthan_festivals_through_the_year\" title=\"Samudra Manthan festivals through the year\">Samudra Manthan festivals through the year<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Shravan_Mahashivratri_honouring_Neelkanth\" title=\"Shravan &amp; Mahashivratri: honouring Neelkanth\">Shravan &amp; Mahashivratri: honouring Neelkanth<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Sharad_Purnima_the_night_of_amrit\" title=\"Sharad Purnima: the night of amrit\">Sharad Purnima: the night of amrit<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Dhanteras_Dhanvantari_Lakshmi\" title=\"Dhanteras: Dhanvantari &amp; Lakshmi\">Dhanteras: Dhanvantari &amp; Lakshmi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Diwali_welcoming_Lakshmi_home\" title=\"Diwali: welcoming Lakshmi home\">Diwali: welcoming Lakshmi home<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Mohini_Ekadashi_the_nectar_protected\" title=\"Mohini Ekadashi: the nectar protected\">Mohini Ekadashi: the nectar protected<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Kurma_Jayanti_the_steady_foundation\" title=\"Kurma Jayanti: the steady foundation\">Kurma Jayanti: the steady foundation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Kumbh_Mela_where_the_drops_fell\" title=\"Kumbh Mela: where the drops fell\">Kumbh Mela: where the drops fell<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Grahan_the_story_of_Rahu_Ketu\" title=\"Grahan: the story of Rahu &amp; Ketu\">Grahan: the story of Rahu &amp; Ketu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Rudraksha_for_the_blessings_of_the_churning\" title=\"Rudraksha for the blessings of the churning\">Rudraksha for the blessings of the churning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Pujas_that_honour_Samudra_Manthan\" title=\"Pujas that honour Samudra Manthan\">Pujas that honour Samudra Manthan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Frequently_asked_questions\" title=\"Frequently asked questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Bottom_line\" title=\"Bottom line\">Bottom line<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/samudra-manthan-everything-you-should-know\/#Related_reading\" title=\"Related reading\">Related reading<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-takeaways\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_takeaways\"><\/span>Key takeaways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Samudra Manthan festivals include Shravan &amp; Maha Shivratri (Neelkanth), Sharad Purnima, Dhanteras, Diwali, Mohini Ekadashi, Kurma Jayanti &amp; the Kumbh Mela<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shiva drank the halahala poison to protect creation, which is why Shravan abhishek is offered to cool his throat<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lakshmi &amp; Dhanvantari both emerged from the ocean, linking the churning to prosperity on Diwali &amp; health on Dhanteras<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Each blessing of the churning has a Rudraksha that resonates with it, such as 1 Mukhi for Shiva, 7 Mukhi for Lakshmi &amp; 10 Mukhi for Vishnu<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The story&#8217;s deeper message is patience: the poison came before the nectar, &amp; steady inner effort brings its own amrit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-story-of-samudra-manthan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_story_of_Samudra_Manthan\"><\/span>The story of Samudra Manthan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The story of Samudra Manthan is told in the Bhagavata Purana, the Vishnu Purana &amp; the Mahabharata. After sage Durvasa&#8217;s curse, the devas lost their strength &amp; their prosperity. Lord Vishnu advised them to churn the Ksheer Sagar, the ocean of milk, to bring out amrit, the nectar of immortality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The task was too great for the devas alone, so they joined hands with the asuras. Mount Mandara became the churning rod &amp; Vasuki, the serpent king, became the rope. When the mountain began to sink, Lord Vishnu took the form of Kurma, the tortoise, &amp; held it steady on his back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first thing to rise from the ocean was not nectar but halahala, a poison strong enough to burn all of creation. Lord Shiva drank it to protect the worlds, &amp; Goddess Parvati held his throat so it would not go further. His throat turned blue, &amp; he came to be known as Neelkanth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Only after this did the treasures begin to appear, one by one, ending with Dhanvantari &amp; the pot of amrit. When the asuras seized the pot, Vishnu took the form of Mohini &amp; served the nectar to the devas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The story carries a quiet lesson for every devotee. Inner churning, through prayer, japa &amp; self-reflection, often brings up what is difficult first. Patience &amp; surrender are what allow the nectar to follow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prefer to watch? This walks through how japa is practised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"jlvid_container\"><iframe title=\"Japa Mala: How To Use a Rudraksha Japa Mala?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YRKM8IqPsyE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/category\/rosaries\">Begin your own japa practice with an authentic Rudraksha mala \u2192<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-14-ratnas-that-rose-from-the-ocean\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_14_ratnas_that_rose_from_the_ocean\"><\/span>The 14 ratnas that rose from the ocean<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"402\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-1024x402.jpg\" alt=\"The 14 ratnas that rose during Samudra Manthan, from halahala to the amrit kalash\" class=\"wp-image-15867 lazyload\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-1024x402.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-768x302.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-1536x603.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-1600x628.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-1100x432.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-600x236.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan-20x8.jpg 20w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Everything-you-should-know-about-Samudra-Manthan.jpg 2002w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Puranas speak of 14 ratnas, or treasures, that emerged during Samudra Manthan. The exact list varies a little between texts, but these are the ones most commonly named.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Halahala (\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0937):<\/strong> the poison, held by Lord Shiva in his throat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kamadhenu (\u0915\u093e\u092e\u0927\u0947\u0928\u0941 \u0917\u093e\u092f):<\/strong> the wish-fulfilling cow, given to the rishis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uchchaihshravas (\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0948\u0903\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e):<\/strong> the seven-headed white horse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Airavata(\u0910\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940<\/strong>)<strong>:<\/strong> the white elephant, taken by Indra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kaustubha mani (\u0915\u094c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u092d \u092e\u0923\u093f<\/strong>)<strong>:<\/strong> the jewel worn by Lord Vishnu on his chest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kalpavriksha(\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong>)<strong>:<\/strong> the wish-fulfilling tree.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Parijata (\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/strong>)<strong>:<\/strong> the celestial flowering tree.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Apsaras (\u0905\u092a\u094d\u0938\u0930\u093e):<\/strong> celestial dancers, led by Rambha.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Goddess Lakshmi (\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940):<\/strong> who chose Lord Vishnu as her consort.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Varuni (\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0923\u0940<\/strong>)<strong>:<\/strong> the goddess of wine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chandra (\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e<\/strong>)<strong>:<\/strong> the moon, placed by Lord Shiva on his head.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Panchajanya shankha (\u092a\u093e\u091e\u094d\u091a\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0902\u0916<\/strong>)<strong>:<\/strong> the conch of Lord Vishnu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sharanga (\u0936\u093e\u0930\u0902\u0917<\/strong>) <strong>:<\/strong> the bow of Lord Vishnu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dhanvantari &amp; the amrit kalash (\u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0927\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u0914\u0930<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u092e\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0932\u0936<\/strong>) <strong>:<\/strong> the physician of the devas, carrying the nectar of immortality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of these treasures are honoured on specific days of the Hindu calendar, which is how one story became the root of so many festivals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"samudra-manthan-festivals-through-the-year\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Samudra_Manthan_festivals_through_the_year\"><\/span>Samudra Manthan festivals through the year<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the festivals most closely tied to the churning of the ocean, along with the moment of the story each one honours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shravan-maha-shivratri-honouring-neelkanth\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shravan_Mahashivratri_honouring_Neelkanth\"><\/span>Shravan &amp; Mahashivratri: honouring Neelkanth<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"402\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-1024x402.jpg\" alt=\"Jal abhishek offered to a Shivling, honouring Neelkanth of Samudra Manthan\" class=\"wp-image-15866 lazyload\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-1024x402.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-768x302.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-1536x603.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-1600x628.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-1100x432.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-600x236.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3-20x8.jpg 20w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/4-3.jpg 2002w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tradition holds that the churning took place in the month of Shravan. To cool the burning of the poison, the devas poured water on Lord Shiva, which is why jal abhishek &amp; Rudra Abhishek carry special meaning through Shravan. Many devotees also remember Shiva as Neelkanth on Maha Shivratri, offering bel patra, milk &amp; water through the night.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prefer to watch? This is the Rudra Abhishek our pandits perform during Mahashivratri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"jlvid_container\"><iframe title=\"Mahashivratri Maha Laghu Rudri Anushthan Puja | Amrit Muhurat | Rudralife\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mNg2W0twxKs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sharad-purnima-the-night-of-amrit\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sharad_Purnima_the_night_of_amrit\"><\/span>Sharad Purnima: the night of amrit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"402\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-1024x402.jpg\" alt=\"Raas under the full moon on Sharad Purnima, the amrit night of Samudra Manthan\" class=\"wp-image-15864 lazyload\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-1024x402.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-768x302.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-1536x603.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-1600x628.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-1100x432.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-600x236.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6-20x8.jpg 20w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/2-6.jpg 2002w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The moon is one of the treasures of the churning, &amp; in some traditions Goddess Lakshmi is said to have emerged on this full moon too. On Sharad Purnima, the moon is believed to shine with all 16 kalas &amp; shower amrit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Devotees keep kheer under the moonlight &amp; stay awake for Kojagari Lakshmi Puja. In 2026, the night rituals fall on Sunday, 25 October, when the Purnima tithi prevails through the night. Some calendars list the date as 26 October, the udaya tithi, but the kheer &amp; Kojagari puja are observed on the night of the 25th.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dhanteras-dhanvantari-lakshmi\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dhanteras_Dhanvantari_Lakshmi\"><\/span>Dhanteras: Dhanvantari &amp; Lakshmi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"402\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-1024x402.jpg\" alt=\"Dhanvantari rising with the amrit kalash during Samudra Manthan\" class=\"wp-image-15865 lazyload\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-1024x402.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-768x302.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-1536x603.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-1600x628.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-1100x432.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-600x236.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5-20x8.jpg 20w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/3-5.jpg 2002w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dhanteras marks the day Lord Dhanvantari rose from the ocean with the pot of amrit, which is why it is also observed as Dhanvantari Jayanti. Per Drik Panchang, Goddess Lakshmi also emerged on this Trayodashi, so she is worshipped along with Lord Kubera. In 2026, Dhanteras falls on Friday, 6 November.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diwali-welcoming-lakshmi-home\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diwali_welcoming_Lakshmi_home\"><\/span>Diwali: welcoming Lakshmi home<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lakshmi Puja on Kartik Amavasya, two days after Dhanteras, celebrates the goddess who chose Lord Vishnu after rising from the ocean. Lamps are lit so she finds her way into every clean &amp; prepared home. In 2026, Diwali Lakshmi Puja falls on Sunday, 8 November.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/lakshmi-puja-2026\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read: Lakshmi Puja 2026, muhurat, vidhi &amp; Rudraksha \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mohini-ekadashi-the-nectar-protected\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mohini_Ekadashi_the_nectar_protected\"><\/span>Mohini Ekadashi: the nectar protected<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mohini Ekadashi, in the Shukla Paksha of Vaishakh, remembers Lord Vishnu&#8217;s Mohini avatar, who protected the amrit for the devas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kurma-jayanti-the-steady-foundation\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kurma_Jayanti_the_steady_foundation\"><\/span>Kurma Jayanti: the steady foundation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Observed on Vaishakh Purnima, Kurma Jayanti honours the tortoise avatar who held Mount Mandara on his back so the churning could continue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kumbh-mela-where-the-drops-fell\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kumbh_Mela_where_the_drops_fell\"><\/span>Kumbh Mela: where the drops fell<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As the amrit kalash was carried away after Samudra Manthan, drops of nectar are said to have fallen at Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain &amp; Nashik. These four places host the Kumbh Mela, where millions bathe in the sacred rivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"grahan-the-story-of-rahu-ketu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grahan_the_story_of_Rahu_Ketu\"><\/span>Grahan: the story of Rahu &amp; Ketu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The asura Swarbhanu disguised himself to drink the amrit. The Sun &amp; Moon recognised him, &amp; Lord Vishnu&#8217;s Sudarshan Chakra separated his head &amp; body, which became Rahu &amp; Ketu. This is why eclipses are linked to Rahu &amp; Ketu in Vedic tradition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rudraksha-for-the-blessings-of-the-churning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rudraksha_for_the_blessings_of_the_churning\"><\/span>Rudraksha for the blessings of the churning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"402\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM-1024x402.jpeg\" alt=\"Rudraksha for Samudra Manthan, with 1, 7, 2, 10, 8 and 9 Mukhi beads\" class=\"wp-image-15869 lazyload\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM-1024x402.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM-300x118.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM-768x301.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM-1536x603.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM-1100x432.jpeg 1100w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM-600x236.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM-20x8.jpeg 20w, https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-10-09-at-2.59.38-PM.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Rudraksha itself is born of Lord Shiva&#8217;s tears, so it carries a natural connection to Neelkanth, the one who held the poison for the world. Each blessing of Samudra Manthan also resonates with a particular mukhi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1 Mukhi Rudraksha (Neelkanth &amp; Shravan)<\/strong>: Representing Lord Shiva, this bead blesses the wearer with calm, health &amp; a peaceful mind. The genuine one Mukhi comes from South India in a half-moon shape; beads sold as \u201c1 Mukhi Nepal\u201d are not authentic. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/1-mukhi-nepal-does-not-exist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read: 1 Mukhi Nepal, Does It Exist? \u2192<\/a><\/strong><br><a href=\"http:\/\/rudralife.com\/category\/1-mukhi-rudraksha\"><strong>Explore 1 Mukhi \u2192<\/strong><br><\/a><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>7 Mukhi Rudraksha (Lakshmi on Diwali &amp; Sharad Purnima):<\/strong> Representing Goddess Mahalakshmi, this bead blesses the wearer with prosperity, abundance &amp; steady financial growth.<br><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/rudralife.com\/category\/7-mukhi-rudraksha \u2713\">Explore 7 Mukhi \u2192<\/a><\/strong><br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>10 Mukhi Rudraksha (Vishnu, Kurma &amp; Mohini):<\/strong> Representing Lord Vishnu, this bead blesses the wearer with protection, stability &amp; peace at home.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/rudralife.com\/category\/10-mukhi-rudraksha\"><strong>Explore 10 Mukhi \u2192<\/strong><br><\/a><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2 Mukhi Rudraksha (Chandra):<\/strong> Ruled by Chandra, the moon that rose from the churning, this bead blesses the wearer with harmony in relationships &amp; emotional balance.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/rudralife.com\/category\/2-mukhi-rudraksha\"><strong>Explore 2 Mukhi \u2192<\/strong><br><\/a><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>8 &amp; 9 Mukhi Rudraksha (Rahu &amp; Ketu):<\/strong> Representing Lord Ganesha &amp; Goddess Durga, these beads bless the wearer with clarity, courage &amp; the removal of obstacles.<br><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/rudralife.com\/category\/8-mukhi-rudraksha\">Explore 8 Mukhi \u2192<\/a><\/strong> \u00b7 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/category\/9-mukhi-rudraksha\">Explore 9 Mukhi \u2192<\/a><\/strong><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For the home, the <strong>Seven Mukhi Cash Box<\/strong> &amp; the <strong>Ganesh Lakshmi Bandh<\/strong> suit Dhanteras &amp; Diwali, while the <strong>Swasthya Bandh<\/strong> reflects the spirit of Dhanvantari &amp; good health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rudralife&#8217;s Note:<\/strong> Every mukhi can be worn together, so there is no conflict in combining beads. Our experts suggest the right combination through a date-of-birth analysis using astro-numerology, so you wear what truly supports you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/rudraksha-recommendation\/\">Get your free Rudraksha recommendation \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you prefer to see Rudraksha in person, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/exhibition\/\">come visit us at our next exhibition<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pujas-that-honour-samudra-manthan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pujas_that_honour_Samudra_Manthan\"><\/span>Pujas that honour Samudra Manthan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Each festival of the churning has a puja that carries its blessing into the home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rudra Abhishek (Shravan &amp; Maha Shivratri):<\/strong> offering water, milk &amp; panchamrit to the Shivling, echoing the devas who cooled Neelkanth&#8217;s throat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kojagari Lakshmi Puja (Sharad Purnima):<\/strong> a night puja with kheer under the moonlight, inviting Lakshmi&#8217;s grace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dhanvantari &amp; Kubera Puja (Dhanteras):<\/strong> prayers for health &amp; wealth, done in Pradosh Kaal along with the Yama Deepam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mahalakshmi Puja (Diwali):<\/strong> worship of Lakshmi &amp; Ganesha on Amavasya, so prosperity comes with wisdom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Over 25 years, Rudralife has conducted pujas like these for devotees through our Vedic Sankalp Puja. Our pandits perform each puja according to Vedic vidhi vidhan in the devotee&#8217;s name, speaking their name &amp; gotra in the sankalp, &amp; the devotee receives mahaprasad energised in the puja itself. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The puja is streamed live on YouTube, so devotees anywhere in the world can watch it as it happens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/sankalp-pujas\/\">Book your Sankalp Puja \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_asked_questions\"><\/span>Frequently asked questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Which festivals are connected to Samudra Manthan?<\/strong> Shravan, Maha Shivratri, Sharad Purnima, Dhanteras, Diwali, Mohini Ekadashi, Kurma Jayanti &amp; the Kumbh Mela all trace back to moments from the churning of the ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Why is Lord Shiva called Neelkanth?<\/strong> He drank the halahala poison that rose first during Samudra Manthan, &amp; it turned his throat blue. Goddess Parvati held his throat so the poison would not spread.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Why is Dhanteras linked to Samudra Manthan?<\/strong> Lord Dhanvantari emerged with the pot of amrit on Kartik Krishna Trayodashi, &amp; Goddess Lakshmi is also said to have risen on this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Which Rudraksha is best for Diwali?<\/strong> 7 Mukhi Rudraksha is associated with Goddess Mahalakshmi &amp; is traditionally worn for prosperity. The Seven Mukhi Cash Box is a gentle way to welcome her into your home or workplace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Which Rudraksha connects with Lord Shiva as Neelkanth?<\/strong> Every Rudraksha is a blessing of Lord Shiva. 1 Mukhi, representing Lord Shiva, is the most commonly worn for daily japa &amp; peace of mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Can I wear Rudraksha for different deities together?<\/strong> Yes. According to the shastras, all mukhi Rudraksha can be worn together without any conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. When are Sharad Purnima, Dhanteras &amp; Diwali in 2026?<\/strong> Sharad Purnima night rituals fall on 25 October, Dhanteras on 6 November &amp; Diwali Lakshmi Puja on 8 November 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. Can I join a Rudralife puja from outside India?<\/strong> Yes. The pandits speak your name &amp; gotra in the sankalp wherever you are, &amp; the puja is streamed live on YouTube so you can watch it as it happens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bottom-line\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bottom_line\"><\/span>Bottom line<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Samudra Manthan reminds us that the poison often rises before the nectar. The festivals born from it, from Shravan to Diwali, invite us to honour Shiva&#8217;s sacrifice, welcome Lakshmi&#8217;s grace &amp; seek Dhanvantari&#8217;s healing. With the right Rudraksha &amp; a puja done with devotion, these blessings can stay with you long after the lamps are put away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><mark style=\"background-color:#fcb900\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>Disclaimer:<\/strong> Festival dates &amp; muhurat timings follow the Panchang &amp; can vary by location, so please confirm with your local Panchang or family pandit. Accounts of Samudra Manthan differ between the Puranas, &amp; regional customs vary between families &amp; communities.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related-reading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_reading\"><\/span>Related reading<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samudra_manthan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Samudra Manthan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/dussehra-to-diwali\/\">From Dussehra to Diwali: festivals &amp; Rudraksha<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/rudraksha-for-navagraha-shravan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Navagraha Rudraksha &amp; the nine planets<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Samudra Manthan, the churning of the cosmic ocean, is one story that quietly shapes many of the festivals we celebrate through the year. Shiva holding the poison in his throat, Lakshmi rising from the waves, Dhanvantari carrying the pot of amrit, the moon finding its place on Shiva&#8217;s head. Each of these moments lives on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hinduism-and-science","category-festivals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15860"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15868,"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15860\/revisions\/15868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15863"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rudralife.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}